A Social History of English
von: Mr Dick Leith, Dick Leith
Routledge, 1997
ISBN: 9780203992869
Sprache: Englisch
280 Seiten, Download: 4095 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
| Contents | 5 | ||
| List of figures | 7 | ||
| List of tables | 8 | ||
| Author’s preface to the first edition | 9 | ||
| Preface to the second edition | 10 | ||
| Introduction | 12 | ||
| Part I Emergence and consolidation | 15 | ||
| 1 Languages in contact | 16 | ||
| LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL FUNCTION | 17 | ||
| BILINGUALISM | 20 | ||
| LATIN AS THE LANGUAGE OF EMPIRE | 21 | ||
| THE COLLAPSE OF THE EMPIRE IN THE NORTH | 22 | ||
| THE GERMANIC INVASION OF BRITAIN | 24 | ||
| THE ANGLO-SAXON SETTLEMENT | 26 | ||
| THE VIKINGS | 28 | ||
| THE NORMANS | 31 | ||
| CULTURAL CONTACT WITH THE FRENCH OF PARIS | 34 | ||
| 2 Standardisation and writing | 37 | ||
| THE NATURE OF THE WRITING SYSTEM | 40 | ||
| THE SCRIBAL TRADITION | 42 | ||
| STANDARDISATION: THE SELECTION OF A DOMINANT VARIETY | 43 | ||
| STANDARDISATION: ACCEPTANCE OF THE DOMINANT VARIETY | 45 | ||
| ELABORATION OF FUNCTION | 48 | ||
| CODIFICATION | 52 | ||
| CODIFICATION AND SOCIAL CLASS | 58 | ||
| Part II Changing patterns of usage | 60 | ||
| 3 Words and meanings | 61 | ||
| THE MOTIVATION FOR BORROWING | 63 | ||
| CODIFICATION OF WORDS AND MEANINGS | 65 | ||
| THE COMPLEXITY OF MEANING | 68 | ||
| TYPES OF SEMANTIC CHANGE | 71 | ||
| KEY-WORDS | 75 | ||
| THE VOCABULARY OF POWER, RANK, AND STATUS | 76 | ||
| ELIZABETHAN TERMS OF ADDRESS | 78 | ||
| THE SEMANTIC DISPARAGEMENT OF WOMEN | 80 | ||
| 4 Grammar | 83 | ||
| SOME MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GRAMMAR | 84 | ||
| SOME CATEGORIES OF GRAMMATICAL DESCRIPTION | 87 | ||
| THE ‘SYNTHETIC’ GRAMMAR OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS | 91 | ||
| THE LOSS OF INFLEXIONS | 93 | ||
| MORPHOLOGICAL SIMPLIFICATION AND SOCIAL STIGMA | 97 | ||
| THE SOCIAL MEANING OF PRONOUNS | 99 | ||
| SYNTACTIC ELABORATION AND SOCIAL PRESTIGE | 102 | ||
| 5 Pronunciation | 106 | ||
| POPULAR IDEAS ABOUT PRONUNCIATION | 108 | ||
| THE ANALYSIS OF SOUNDS | 110 | ||
| THE CONSONANTS OF RP | 111 | ||
| RP VOWELS | 114 | ||
| VARIATION AND STYLE | 119 | ||
| VARIATION AND CHANGE | 122 | ||
| THREE STIGMATISED CONSONANT PRONUNCIATIONS | 124 | ||
| THREE REGIONAL INDICATORS | 126 | ||
| THE GREAT VOWEL SHIFT | 130 | ||
| Part III Imposition and spread | 136 | ||
| 6 The imposition of English in the British Isles | 137 | ||
| THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCOTS | 140 | ||
| LANGUAGE IMPOSITION IN THE CELTIC TERRITORIES: SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 147 | ||
| LINGUISTIC COLONIALISM IN IRELAND | 154 | ||
| BILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS AND WALES | 157 | ||
| LANGUAGE DEATH: CORNISH AND MANX | 161 | ||
| 7 English as an international language | 164 | ||
| EARLY TRADE IN THE ATLANTIC, AND ITS LINGUISTIC CONSEQUENCES | 166 | ||
| COLONIAL SETTLEMENT | 169 | ||
| STANDARDISATION AND COLONIAL SETTLEMENT | 171 | ||
| AMERICAN ENGLISH | 176 | ||
| THE LANGUAGE OF IMPERIAL RULE | 181 | ||
| ENGLISH AND EDUCATION | 183 | ||
| THE EMERGENCE OF SECOND-LANGUAGE VARIETIES OF ENGLISH | 186 | ||
| INDEPENDENCE AND LANGUAGE PLANNING | 191 | ||
| Part IV Evidence, interpretation and theory | 195 | ||
| 8 A critical linguistic history of English texts | 196 | ||
| Theoretical postscript | 231 | ||
| Exercises and topics for further study | 240 | ||
| Appendix: International phonetic alphabet consonant symbols | 244 | ||
| Notes and suggested reading | 246 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 246 | ||
| 1 LANGUAGES IN CONTACT | 247 | ||
| 2 STANDARDISATION AND WRITING | 247 | ||
| 3 WORDS AND MEANINGS | 248 | ||
| 4 GRAMMAR | 248 | ||
| 5 PRONUNCIATION | 249 | ||
| 6 THE IMPOSITION OF ENGLISH IN THE BRITISH ISLES | 249 | ||
| 7 ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE | 250 | ||
| 8 A CRITICAL LINGUISTIC HISTORY OF ENGLISH TEXTS | 251 | ||
| THEORETICAL POSTSCRIPT | 252 | ||
| Bibliography | 253 | ||
| General index | 265 | ||
| Index of words and forms | 277 |