Mobile Information Systems - Infrastructure and Design for Adaptivity and Flexibility
von: Barbara Pernici
Springer-Verlag, 2006
ISBN: 9783540310082
Sprache: Englisch
357 Seiten, Download: 6202 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
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Mobile Information Systems - Infrastructure and Design for Adaptivity and Flexibility
| Preface | 7 | ||
| List of Contributors | 11 | ||
| Contents | 15 | ||
| Part I Core Technologies for Mobile Information Systems | 17 | ||
| 1 Basic Concepts | 19 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 19 | ||
| 1.2 Novel Aspects of Mobile Information Systems | 21 | ||
| 1.2.1 Multichannel Access and Mobile Devices | 21 | ||
| 1.2.2 Context-Awareness in Mobile Information Systems | 24 | ||
| 1.2.3 Wireless Infrastructures | 27 | ||
| 1.2.4 Service-Oriented Systems and Cooperative Mobile Information Systems | 28 | ||
| 1.3 Applications of Mobile Information Systems | 32 | ||
| 1.3.1 Mobile and Multichannel Tourist Services | 34 | ||
| 1.3.2 Mobile-Team Support | 34 | ||
| 1.3.3 E-Learning | 36 | ||
| 1.4 Introduction to the MAIS Framework | 36 | ||
| 2 Reference Architecture and Framework | 41 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 41 | ||
| 2.2 The MAIS Architecture | 41 | ||
| 2.2.1 MAIS Front-End Environment | 42 | ||
| 2.2.2 MAIS Back-End Environment | 44 | ||
| 2.3 The MAIS Framework | 45 | ||
| 2.3.1 Functional Model: E-Service General Model | 46 | ||
| Service Provisioning Model | 46 | ||
| Service Request Model | 49 | ||
| 2.3.2 Architectural Model | 50 | ||
| Base Reflective Layer | 51 | ||
| Quality-of-Service Representation | 51 | ||
| An Example: Computational Components | 53 | ||
| 2.3.3 Context Model | 53 | ||
| Channel Model | 55 | ||
| Location and Time | 58 | ||
| User Profile | 59 | ||
| 2.3.4 Quality of Service Dimensions | 61 | ||
| 3 E-Services | 63 | ||
| 3.1 MAIS Flexible E-Services | 63 | ||
| 3.2 The MAIS Service Model | 65 | ||
| MAIS Service Description Language (MAIS-SDL) | 65 | ||
| MAIS Process Language (MAIS-PL) | 67 | ||
| 3.3 Web Service Publication and Selection | 69 | ||
| 3.4 MAIS-P | 73 | ||
| 3.4.1 Invocation Mechanisms | 73 | ||
| 3.4.2 Concretization and Optimization | 75 | ||
| 3.4.3 Behavioral Compatibility of Services and Building New Services | 78 | ||
| 3.4.4 Orchestrator | 81 | ||
| 3.5 Service Cost and Price Models | 86 | ||
| A Model of Infrastructural Costs | 86 | ||
| Pricing Models | 88 | ||
| 3.6 Micro-MAIS: Flexible Services for Ad Hoc Networks | 91 | ||
| 3.6.1 Partitioning Process | 92 | ||
| 3.6.2 Adaptive Work.ows | 95 | ||
| 4 Middleware and Architectural Reflection | 97 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 97 | ||
| 4.2 Base Re.ective Layer | 100 | ||
| 4.2.1 Basic Concepts | 100 | ||
| 4.2.2 Observation and Control | 102 | ||
| 4.2.3 Deployment | 106 | ||
| 4.2.4 Network Base Layer | 108 | ||
| Network Objects | 108 | ||
| Network QoS Implementation | 109 | ||
| 4.3 Extended Re.ective Layer | 111 | ||
| 4.3.1 QoS Extension Pattern | 111 | ||
| 4.3.2 Abstracting the QoS | 112 | ||
| 4.4 A Middleware Architecture for Software Replication | 114 | ||
| 4.4.1 Fault Tolerance Versus High Availability | 117 | ||
| Two-Tier Architectures for Software Replication | 117 | ||
| A Three-Tier Architecture for Active Software Replication | 118 | ||
| Software Replication in MAIS | 120 | ||
| 4.4.2 Interoperable Replication Logic (IRL) | 121 | ||
| Architectural Overview of IRL | 121 | ||
| 4.5 Examples | 125 | ||
| 4.5.1 University Education Management | 125 | ||
| Overview | 125 | ||
| Architecture of Adaptive PDBudget | 125 | ||
| Adaptive Functionalities: Examples | 126 | ||
| 4.5.2 Supporting Nurses in Caregiving Process | 127 | ||
| Overview | 127 | ||
| MAIS Point of View | 127 | ||
| Rei.cation of Requests from the Point of View of the Nurse | 129 | ||
| Rei.cation of User Information | 129 | ||
| Rei.cation of Request from the Point of View of the Patient | 129 | ||
| Rei.cation of Location | 130 | ||
| Part II Enabling Technologies | 131 | ||
| 5 Adaptive Networks | 133 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 133 | ||
| 5.2 Physical Layer | 135 | ||
| 5.2.1 Flexibility, Adaptivity, and Recon.gurability in Modern Wireless Transceivers | 135 | ||
| 5.2.2 An Innovative Approach to Flexible Modem Design: the Supervisor | 136 | ||
| 5.2.3 Introduction of the Supervisor into the WiMAX Physical Layer | 138 | ||
| 5.2.4 Performance Analysis and Results | 139 | ||
| 5.3 MAC Layer | 140 | ||
| 5.3.1 Layer-2 Adaptivity: Architectures and Requirements | 141 | ||
| 5.3.2 Adaptive MAC within the WiMAX MAC Layer | 143 | ||
| 5.3.3 Demonstration of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) | 146 | ||
| 5.4 On the quality-of-service of IP Telephony over Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks | 149 | ||
| 5.4.1 Related Work | 151 | ||
| MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks | 151 | ||
| Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks | 152 | ||
| 5.4.2 System Architecture | 153 | ||
| The VMAC Protocol | 153 | ||
| Routing Protocol | 154 | ||
| Transport and Application Protocols | 155 | ||
| 5.4.3 Application Scenario | 156 | ||
| Performance Parameters | 156 | ||
| 5.4.4 Performance Results | 157 | ||
| 5.5 Advanced Interdomain Routing Protocols | 161 | ||
| 5.5.1 BGPlay: a Platform for Visualizing the Behavior of | 163 | ||
| Interdomain | 163 | ||
| 5.5.2 Commercial Relationships Between Autonomous Systems | 165 | ||
| 5.5.3 Active BGP Probing | 166 | ||
| 6 Data Management | 171 | ||
| 6.1 Architectural Features for Data Management | 172 | ||
| 6.1.1 Memory Types | 173 | ||
| 6.1.2 Endurance, Power Consumption and Performance | 174 | ||
| 6.2 DBMSs for Small Devices | 175 | ||
| 6.2.1 Commercial Tools | 175 | ||
| Oracle Database Lite 10g | 175 | ||
| IAnywhere UltraLite Database | 175 | ||
| IBM DB2 Everyplace | 176 | ||
| Microsoft SQL Server Mobile Edition | 176 | ||
| 6.2.2 PoLiDBMS: System Features | 176 | ||
| 6.3 Design of Very Small Databases for Mobility | 181 | ||
| 6.3.1 VSDB Design Methodology | 182 | ||
| 6.3.2 Data Synchronization and Transactions | 186 | ||
| Distributed Commit Protocols | 186 | ||
| Semantic Synchronization | 189 | ||
| 7 Low-Power Architectures for Mobile Systems | 193 | ||
| 7.1 Exploiting Multiple Levels of Parallelism | 196 | ||
| 7.1.1 Multithreaded Extension of Multicluster VLIW Processors for Embedded Applications | 196 | ||
| 7.1.2 Multilevel Computing Architecture: Microarchitecture Design Issues | 202 | ||
| 7.2 Power Modeling of Wireless Protocols | 208 | ||
| 7.2.1 State of the Art | 210 | ||
| 7.2.2 Methodology | 211 | ||
| 7.3 Algorithms and Architectures for Information Security | 216 | ||
| 7.4 Concluding remarks | 222 | ||
| Part III Design of Mobile Information Systems | 223 | ||
| 8 Methods and Tools for the Development of Adaptive Applications | 225 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 225 | ||
| 8.2 Design Methodologies for Multichannel Adaptive | 226 | ||
| 8.2 Design Methodologies for Multichannel Adaptive Information Systems | 226 | ||
| 8.2.1 Modeling the Requirements of Multichannel Applications Information Systems | 226 | ||
| 8.2.2 Design of Multichannel Adaptive Web-Based Applications | 230 | ||
| 8.2.3 Multimodal Deployment of Adaptive Applications | 236 | ||
| Context-Awareness | 236 | ||
| The M3L Multimodal Framework | 238 | ||
| An Example of Adaptive Presentation | 241 | ||
| 8.3 Adaptive Interaction in Web Information Systems | 242 | ||
| 8.3.1 Modeling User Interaction | 242 | ||
| Formalizing the Interaction | 242 | ||
| The Set of AIUs | 243 | ||
| AIUs at Work | 245 | ||
| 8.3.2 Context-Aware Adaptation Tools | 246 | ||
| 8.3.3 Adaptive Presentation by Matching User Pro.les | 249 | ||
| Matchmaking Techniques in IM3 | 251 | ||
| Architecture of the System | 251 | ||
| 8.4 Usability and Accessibility of Adaptive Applications | 252 | ||
| 8.4.1 Guidelines and Principles for Accessibility and Usability | 252 | ||
| Limitations of the Mobile Context | 252 | ||
| Principles and Guidelines for Accessibility | 253 | ||
| Usability Principles for Mobile Computing | 254 | ||
| 8.4.2 Heuristic Evaluation of Usability and Accessibility in Mobile | 256 | ||
| Computing | 256 | ||
| Background | 257 | ||
| Expert-Based Evaluation in Mobile Computing | 257 | ||
| 8.4.3 User Studies on Mobile Computing | 258 | ||
| User-Based Methods in Mobile Computing | 259 | ||
| Some Parameters of User Studies in Mobile Computing | 260 | ||
| Usability Evaluation: Summary | 263 | ||
| 9 Development of Services for Mobile Information Systems | 265 | ||
| 9.1 The MAIS Methodological Framework for Service Design | 265 | ||
| 9.2 Guidelines for Analyzing and Designing Web Services | 267 | ||
| 9.3 Service Speci.cation and Compatibility Analysis | 268 | ||
| 9.3.1 Service Analysis and Design | 269 | ||
| 9.3.2 High-Level Redesign | 272 | ||
| 9.3.3 Customization | 272 | ||
| 9.4 Broker–Provider Negotiation and Dynamic Evaluation of Management Costs | 274 | ||
| 9.5 Process Partitioning | 278 | ||
| 9.5.1 Work.ow Controllers in Distributed Environments | 278 | ||
| 9.5.2 The Partitioning Tool | 279 | ||
| 10 Knowledge-Based Tools for E-Service Profiling and Mining | 281 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 281 | ||
| 10.1.1 Recommender Systems: a Literature Review | 282 | ||
| 10.1.2 Main Technological Characteristics of Recommender Systems | 283 | ||
| 10.2 Applying Knowledge about Users to the Selection of E-Services | 286 | ||
| 10.2.1 User Knowledge Supporting Service Personalization | 286 | ||
| 10.2.2 Recommendation Environment Architecture | 289 | ||
| 10.3 Algorithms Used for Evaluating Similarities Between Users and the E-Services | 291 | ||
| 10.3.1 Description and Semantic Annotation of Services | 292 | ||
| 10.3.2 User Profile Representation | 294 | ||
| 10.3.3 Semantic Matching | 295 | ||
| 10.4 The Data-Mining Profile Module as a User Knowledge Manager | 299 | ||
| 10.4.1 Behavioral Pro.ling | 299 | ||
| 10.4.2 Profile Construction Process | 302 | ||
| 10.4.3 The Proposed Tool: the Data-Mining Profiling Module | 305 | ||
| 10.4.4 Architecture | 306 | ||
| 10.4.5 Implementation using Weka | 307 | ||
| 10.4.6 Data Mining Profiling Module GUI | 307 | ||
| 11 Applications. MultiLezi: Implementation of an Adaptive Multichannel Learning Environment | 309 | ||
| 11.1 Introduction | 309 | ||
| 11.2 A Conceptual Model of the Environment and of the User Profile | 310 | ||
| 11.2.1 PocketLezi | 313 | ||
| 11.2.2 MultimodalLezi | 313 | ||
| 11.2.3 VocalLezi | 315 | ||
| 11.2.4 AacLezi | 317 | ||
| 11.2.5 MultiACC: a Pro.le-Based Channel Selector | 318 | ||
| 11.3 Conclusions | 320 | ||
| Part IV Appendices | 321 | ||
| A The Quality Registry | 323 | ||
| A.1 Architectural Model | 323 | ||
| A.2 Channel Model | 324 | ||
| A.3 Functional Model | 330 | ||
| A.4 Context Model | 331 | ||
| B Functional Interaction Abilities: Conceptual Model of the User Context | 335 | ||
| B.1 Attributes of ICF-Related Classes: Individuation of the Minimal Set | 335 | ||
| References | 343 | ||
| Index | 367 |