APA Style Simplified - Writing in Psychology, Education, Nursing, and Sociology
von: Bernard C. Beins
Wiley-Blackwell, 2012
ISBN: 9781118289099
Sprache: Englisch
216 Seiten, Download: 3406 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
| APA Style Simplified: Writing in Psychology, Education, Nursing, and Sociology | 5 | ||
| Contents | 7 | ||
| Preface | 10 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 13 | ||
| 1 Writing Professionally | 15 | ||
| How Does Professional Writing Differ From Other Kinds of Writing? | 16 | ||
| Using APA Style | 17 | ||
| Making a Credible Argument | 19 | ||
| Different Types of Communication | 20 | ||
| Effective Communication | 22 | ||
| Establishing Good Writing Habits | 23 | ||
| Ethical Writing | 24 | ||
| 2 Elements of Style | 29 | ||
| Recognizing the Importance of Good Grammar and Style | 30 | ||
| Choosing Effective Wording | 31 | ||
| Using Inclusive and Appropriate Language | 33 | ||
| Deciding on the Use of Technical Language | 34 | ||
| Avoiding Common Problems | 35 | ||
| Verb Forms | 38 | ||
| Spelling | 39 | ||
| Specific Word Use | 39 | ||
| 3 The Introduction Section | 46 | ||
| Introducing the Topic | 47 | ||
| Different Approaches to Starting the Introduction | 48 | ||
| How to Begin | 52 | ||
| Reviewing the Literature | 52 | ||
| Introducing Your Research: Generating a Hypothesis | 54 | ||
| 4 The Method Section | 57 | ||
| Participants and Subjects | 58 | ||
| Materials and Apparatus | 66 | ||
| Procedure | 70 | ||
| Design | 72 | ||
| 5 Communicating Statistics | 73 | ||
| Why Do We Use Statistics? | 74 | ||
| What Point Are You Trying to Make? | 75 | ||
| Understanding Your Numbers | 77 | ||
| Helping Readers Understand Your Statistics | 79 | ||
| Differentiating Results and Interpretations | 82 | ||
| 6 The Results Section | 83 | ||
| Your Hypothesis | 84 | ||
| Deciding What to Present | 85 | ||
| APA Style and Presentation of Your Results | 88 | ||
| Creating Tables | 91 | ||
| Creating Figures | 96 | ||
| The Connection Between the Text and the Tables and Figures | 101 | ||
| The Difference Between Results and Discussion Sections | 101 | ||
| Some Final Points About Presenting Results | 102 | ||
| 7 The Discussion Section | 105 | ||
| Summarizing Your Results | 106 | ||
| Connecting Different Aspects of Your Results | 108 | ||
| Dealing With Nonsignificant Results | 109 | ||
| Comparing Your Results With Those of Others | 110 | ||
| Stating the Importance and Implications of Your Results | 111 | ||
| Acknowledging the Limitations of Your Study | 112 | ||
| 8 References: Citations in the Text and the Reference List | 114 | ||
| Citing References in the Text | 115 | ||
| Order of Citations in the Reference List | 119 | ||
| Using Your Word-Processing Program to Create the Citation | 119 | ||
| Examples of How Different Types of References Should Be Laid Out | 120 | ||
| 9 Final Touches: The Abstract and Formatting Details | 128 | ||
| The Abstract | 129 | ||
| Formatting Your Manuscript | 130 | ||
| 10 Creating Poster Presentations | 149 | ||
| Differentiating Visual and Written Communication | 149 | ||
| Reducing the Amount of Information | 150 | ||
| Visual Style | 151 | ||
| Your Behavior: The Ethic of a Poster Session | 156 | ||
| Creating Your Poster Using PowerPoint® | 158 | ||
| 11 Giving Oral Presentations | 166 | ||
| The Difference Between Oral and Written English | 166 | ||
| Adapting APA Style to Oral Presentations | 170 | ||
| Preparing for Your Talk | 171 | ||
| Creating Graphics for Your Presentation | 173 | ||
| Giving the Presentation | 174 | ||
| 12 Sharing Your Work Electronically | 177 | ||
| New Capabilities in Electronic Sharing | 178 | ||
| Using a Word Processor to Create Manuscripts for the Internet | 179 | ||
| Advantages of Internet Publishing Software | 181 | ||
| Publishing Your Poster on the Web | 183 | ||
| Uploading Your Manuscript to the Internet | 183 | ||
| Revisiting the Concept of Plagiarism | 184 | ||
| Appendix A: Example of APA-Style Manuscript with Common Errors | 185 | ||
| Appendix B: Corrected APA-Style Manuscript | 193 | ||
| References | 202 | ||
| Name Index | 209 | ||
| Subject Index | 212 |